Rock and Soil Classification Using PLS-DA and SVM Combined with a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Library

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become a powerful technology in geological applications. The correct identification of rocks and soils is critical to many geological projects. In this study, LIBS database software with a user-friendly and intuitive interface is developed based on Windows, consisting of a database module and a sample identification module. The database module includes a basic database containing LIBS persistent lines for elements and a dedicated geological database containing LIBS emission lines for several rock and soil reference standards. The module allows easy use of the data. A sample identification module based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) or support vector machine (SVM) algorithms enables users to classify groups of unknown spectra. The developed system was used to classify rock and soil data sets in a dedicated database and the results demonstrate that the system is capable of fast and accurate classi?cation of rocks and soils, and is thus useful for the detection of geological materials.