Generalization of Solovev’s approach to finding equilibrium solutions for axisymmetric plasmas with flow

Solovev’s approach of finding equilibrium solutions was found to be extremely useful for generating a library of linear-superposable equilibria for the purpose of shaping studies. This set of solutions was subsequently expanded to include the vacuum solutions of Zheng, Wootton and Solano, resulting in a set of functions SOLOVEV_ZWS that were usually used for all toroidally symmetric plasmas, commonly recognized as being able to accommodate any desired plasma shapes (complete-shaping capability). The possibility of extending the Solovev approach to toroidal equilibria with a general plasma flow is examined theoretically. We found that the only meaningful extension is to plasmas with a pure toroidal rotation and with a constant Mach number. We also show that the simplification ansatz made to the current profiles, which was the basis of the Solovev approach, should be applied more systematically to include an internal boundary condition at the magnetic axis; resulting in a modified and more useful set SOLOVEV_ZWSm. Explicit expressions of functions in this set are given for equilibria with a quasi-constant current density profile, with a toroidal flow at a constant Mach number and with specific heat capacity 1. The properties of SOLOVEV_ZWSm are studied analytically. Numerical examples of achievable equilibria are demonstrated. Although the shaping capability of the set SOLOVE_ZWSm is quite extensive, it nevertheless still does not have complete shaping capability, particularly for plasmas with negative curvature points on the plasma boundary such as the doublets or indented bean shaped tokamaks.