Effects of trapped electrons on the ion temperature gradient mode in tokamak plasmas with hollow density profiles

The ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode in the presence of impurity ions and trapped electrons (TEs) is numerically investigated in tokamak plasmas with hollow density profiles, using the gyrokinetic integral eigenmode equation. It is found that in the inverted density plasma, the increase of the ITG enhances the growth rate and frequency of the ITG, and the density gradient plays an important role in the ITG modes. For weak density gradient situations, the trapped electron effects increase the instability of the ITG, while the impurity has an obviously stabilizing effect. For the strong density gradient cases, both the impurities and trapped electrons enhance the ITG instabilities. In addition, it is shown that the growth rate of the ITG decreases with positive magnetic shear s while the real frequency increases with positive magnetic shear. The growth rate of the ITG increases with negative magnetic shear s while the real frequency decreases with negative magnetic shear. The length of the calculated mode structure in the positive and negative magnetic shear intervals is also presented.