Evaluation of thermal and beam-thermal p-<sup>11</sup>B fusion reactions in the EHL-2 spherical torus

Zhi LI; Tiantian SUN; Bing LIU; Feng WANG; Xiangfeng WU; Y-K Martin PENG; Xiao XIAO; Guanchao ZHAO (赵冠超); Lianliang MA (马连良); Yingying LI; Zhanhong LIN; Haozhe KONG; Yunfeng LIANG; Huasheng XIE; Jiaqi DONG; Yuejiang SHI; Di LUO; Xinchen JIANG; Yumin WANG; Xiang GU; Xueyun WANG; Muzhi TAN; Hairong HUANG; Danke YANG; Jianqing CAI (蔡剑青); Lili DONG (董力立); Quanyun WANG; Minsheng LIU; the EHL-2 Team

doi:10.1088/2058-6272/ad9da2

Plasma Science and Technology > 2025 > 27(2): 024004. > DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ad9da2 CSTR: 32219.14.2058-6272//ad9da2

Zhi LI, Tiantian SUN, Bing LIU, Feng WANG, Xiangfeng WU, Y-K Martin PENG, Xiao XIAO, Guanchao ZHAO (赵冠超), Lianliang MA (马连良), Yingying LI, Zhanhong LIN, Haozhe KONG, Yunfeng LIANG, Huasheng XIE, Jiaqi DONG, Yuejiang SHI, Di LUO, Xinchen JIANG, Yumin WANG, Xiang GU, Xueyun WANG, Muzhi TAN, Hairong HUANG, Danke YANG, Jianqing CAI (蔡剑青), Lili DONG (董力立), Quanyun WANG, Minsheng LIU, the EHL-2 Team. Evaluation of thermal and beam-thermal p-¹¹B fusion reactions in the EHL-2 spherical torus[J]. Plasma Science and Technology, 2025, 27(2): 024004. DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ad9da2

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Evaluation of thermal and beam-thermal p-¹¹B fusion reactions in the EHL-2 spherical torus

1.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion, Langfang 065001, People’s Republic of China
2.
ENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Langfang 065001, People’s Republic of China
3.
Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People’s Republic of China
4.
Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
5.
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management- Plasmaphysik, Jülich 52425, Germany
6.
Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610225, People’s Republic of China

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Author Bio:
Zhi LI: lizhiz@enn.cn
Corresponding author:
Zhi LI, lizhiz@enn.cn
Received Date: September 26, 2024
Revised Date: December 09, 2024
Accepted Date: December 10, 2024
Available Online: December 11, 2024
Published Date: February 12, 2025

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Abstract

Abstract

This paper presents the first comprehensive simulation study of p-¹¹B fusion reactions in a spherical torus. We developed relevant program modules for fusion reactions based on energetic particle simulation frameworks and analyzed the two main fusion channels: thermal and beam-thermal. Using EHL-2 design parameters with ${n}_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}}=0.07{n}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}}$ and a hydrogen beam at 200 keV and 1 MW, our simulation indicates that p-¹¹B reactions produce approximately ${1.5\times 10}^{15}$ α particles per second (~ 0.7 kW) from the thermal channel, and $5.3\times {10}^{14}$ (~ 0.25 kW) from the beam-thermal channel. We conducted parameter scans to establish a solid physics foundation for the high ion temperature conditions ( ${T}_{\mathrm{i}} > 26\;\mathrm{k}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V})$ designed for EHL-2. This work also laid the groundwork for studying various operation modes to explore different reaction channels. The simulation results suggest that the conditions in EHL-2 could be sufficient for investigating p-¹¹B thermonuclear reactions. In addition, we found that EHL-2 offered good confinement for energetic particles, allowing us to research the interactions between these ions and plasmas. This research enhances our understanding of burning plasma physics.
- EHL-2,
- spherical torus,
- p-¹¹B fusion,
- energetic particle,
- α particle

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by ENN Group and ENN Energy Research Institute. The authors would like to express sincere gratitude to the EHL-2 physics and engineering design team for their contributions to this project. We also thank Beijing PARATERA Tech Corp., Ltd. for providing computational resources. Furthermore, we would like to extend our special thanks to Youjun Hu, Associate Researcher at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China, for his invaluable help and guidance throughout this project.

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