Figures of the Article

• (a) Commercial ozonizer with multi-reactor array. Reproduced with permission from [49] with copyright under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). (b) 150 MW microwave plasma gasifier system. Reprinted from [57], Copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier. (c) Pilot-scale experimental setup for exhaust-gas De-NO_x after treatment, and (d) 50 kW pulsed corona discharge reactor system. Reprinted from [59] (2021) (Copyright © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature). With permission of Springer.
• Energy flow diagram from renewable energy sources to chemical production in a renewable-driven plasma process.
• (a) System for integrated CO₂ capture and utilization proposed in the study of Moss et al. Reproduced from [65], with copyright under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). (b) Schematic of the membrane integrated plasma system proposed by Chen et al for upgrading biogas. Reprinted with permission from [66]. Copyright (2020), American Chemical Society.
• Plasma-based CO₂ conversion process as the center of the CCU value chains with different system boundaries for evaluation and assessment.
• (a) Proposed mechanism of CO production from adsorbed CO₂ in DBD-hydrotalcite system. Adapted from [101], with copyright under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY licensee. (b) Periodic operation of reactors connected in parallel, and (c) periodic operation of reactors connected in series. Reprinted from [103], with copyright under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license.
• Plasma-based CO₂ capture for energy storage via (a) syngas production, and (b) direct synthesis of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Adapted from [101], with copyright under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license.
• (a) Experimental system with a membrane-plasma reactor, and (b) oxygen permeation under thermal and plasma condition. Reprinted from [105], Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier. (c) Perovskite membrane-based DBD reactor. Reprinted from [106], Copyright (2023), with permission from Elsevier. (d) Microwave plasma membrane reactor, adapted from [108]. Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier.
• Plasma-assisted chemical looping for CO₂ splitting with nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharge followed by an oxygen scavenging material. Adapted with permission from [113], Copyright (2022), American Chemical Society.