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Chengxu LU (吕程序), Bo WANG (王博), Xunpeng JIANG (姜训鹏), Junning ZHANG (张俊宁), Kang NIU (牛康), Yanwei YUAN (苑严伟). Detection of K in soil using time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on convolutional neural networks[J]. Plasma Science and Technology, 2019, 21(3): 34014-034014. DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/aaef6e
Citation: Chengxu LU (吕程序), Bo WANG (王博), Xunpeng JIANG (姜训鹏), Junning ZHANG (张俊宁), Kang NIU (牛康), Yanwei YUAN (苑严伟). Detection of K in soil using time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on convolutional neural networks[J]. Plasma Science and Technology, 2019, 21(3): 34014-034014. DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/aaef6e
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Detection of K in soil using time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on convolutional neural networks

  • 1 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China

  • 2 Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China

  • 3 COFCO Feed Co. Ltd, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China

Funds: This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61505253) and National Key Research and Development Plan of China (Project No. 2016YFD0200601).
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  • Received Date: July 30, 2018
    Graphical Abstract
    • Abstract
  • One of the technical bottlenecks of traditional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is the difficulty in quantitative detection caused by the matrix effect. To troubleshoot this problem, this paper investigated a combination of time-resolved LIBS and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to improve K determination in soil. The time-resolved LIBS contained the information of both wavelength and time dimension. The spectra of wavelength dimension showed the characteristic emission lines of elements, and those of time dimension presented the plasma decay trend. The one-dimensional data of LIBS intensity from the emission line at 766.49 nm were extracted and correlated with the K concentration, showing a poor correlation of R2c=0.0967, which is caused by the matrix effect of heterogeneous soil. For the wavelength dimension, the two-dimensional data of traditional integrated LIBS were extracted and analyzed by an artificial neural network (ANN), showing R2v=0.6318 and the root mean square error of validation (RMSEV)=0.6234. For the time dimension, the two-dimensional data of time-decay LIBS were extracted and analyzed by ANN, showing R2v=0.7366 and RMSEV=0.7855. These higher determination coefficients reveal that both the non-K emission lines of wavelength dimension and the spectral decay of time dimension could assist in quantitative detection of K. However, due to limited calibration samples, the two-dimensional models presented over-fitting. The three-dimensional data of time-resolved LIBS were analyzed by CNNs, which extracted and integrated the information of both the wavelength and time dimension, showing the R2v=0.9968 and RMSEV=0.0785. CNN analysis of time-resolved LIBS is capable of improving the determination of K in soil.
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    • References (23)
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