Characterization of fast ion loss in the EHL-2 spherical torus

Tiantian SUN; Xinchen JIANG; Zhi LI; Xiang GU; Xueyun WANG; Lili DONG; Danke YANG; Pengmin LI; Hanqing WANG; Shuo LIU; Yingying LI; Huasheng XIE; Yuejiang SHI; Yunfeng LIANG; Minsheng LIU; the EHL-2 Team

doi:10.1088/2058-6272/ad8dfb

Plasma Science and Technology > 2025 > 27(2): 024002. > DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ad8dfb CSTR: 32219.14.2058-6272/ad8dfb

Tiantian SUN, Xinchen JIANG, Zhi LI, Xiang GU, Xueyun WANG, Lili DONG, Danke YANG, Pengmin LI, Hanqing WANG, Shuo LIU, Yingying LI, Huasheng XIE, Yuejiang SHI, Yunfeng LIANG, Minsheng LIU, the EHL-2 Team. Characterization of fast ion loss in the EHL-2 spherical torus[J]. Plasma Science and Technology, 2025, 27(2): 024002. DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ad8dfb

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Characterization of fast ion loss in the EHL-2 spherical torus

1.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion, Langfang 065001, People’s Republic of China
2.
ENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Langfang 065001, People’s Republic of China
3.
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management-Plasmaphysik, Jülich 52425, Germany

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Author Bio:
Tiantian SUN: suntiantiana@enn.cn
Corresponding author:
Tiantian SUN, suntiantiana@enn.cn
Received Date: September 29, 2024
Revised Date: October 30, 2024
Accepted Date: October 31, 2024
Available Online: November 01, 2024
Published Date: February 11, 2025

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

This study analyzes fast ion losses in the EHL-2 fusion device, focusing on both beam ions and alpha particles as p-¹¹B fusion reaction products. Using the Monte Carlo orbit-following code TGCO, we evaluate particle confinement under various operational scenarios, including co-injected tangential neutral beam injection at beam energies of 60 keV, 80 keV, and 200 keV. Our simulations estimate the heat load driven by lost beam ions and find it to be within acceptable material limits for a plasma current on the order of mega-amperes. Additionally, we simulate the distribution of fusion products and observe a higher particle loss fraction for alpha particles compared to beam ions. However, due to the relatively low fusion power, these lost alpha particles are unlikely to significantly impact the plasma-facing materials. To assess the impact of the magnetic ripple, we compute the ripple field distribution by modelling the toroidal field (TF) coils as current filaments. The results indicate that the ripple field effect on particle confinement is minimal, primarily due to the large distance of over 1 m between the TF coils and the plasma on the low-field side. The analysis based on the test particle model is a foundational step in ensuring the basic safety aspects of the new device, which is essential for developing a robust design, optimizing performance, and maintaining safe operation.
- EHL-2,
- fast ions,
- NBI,
- alpha particles,
- orbit loss

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by ENN Group and ENN Energy Research Institute. The authors would like to express their gratitude for the contributions of the ENN fusion team and collaborators in supporting this endeavour. We are thankful to Dr. Wei Chen, Dr. Zhengxiong Wang, Dr. Feng Wang, and Dr. Baolong Hao for their valuable discussions on this topic. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Youjun Hu for developing the open-sourced code TGCO and granting permission for its use in this research. The authors also acknowledge the support of Beijing PARATERA Tech Corp., Ltd. for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported in this paper.

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